ABSTRACT
Objective: Evaluating the effects of Povidone- Iodine against the surgical site infection in post- appendectomy wound infection
Study design: Randomized clinical trial
Place and duration: Department of Surgery, Isra University Hospital Hyderabad from January 2016 to December 2017
Subjects and Methods: Patients of acute appendicitis with classical clinical presentation were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. 60 patients were those in which wound was irrigated with 1% povidone-iodine solution versus 60 patients in whom wound not irrigated with it before skin closure. Data was analyzed on SPSS 22.0 using Student t-test and Chi- square test respectively. Data was analyzed at 95% confidence interval [P=0.05]. P-value of =0.05 was taken statistically
Results: Mean +/- SD age of control and cases was noted as 22.5 +/- 7.5 and 23.5 +/- 6.5 years respectively [P=0.86]. Male and female population in control and cases were noted as 45 [75%] and 15 [25%] and 47 [78.33%] and 13 [21.66%] respectively [P >0.05]. Grade 4 pus discharging wound infection was noted in 3.33% in control compared to 1.66% in cases [P= 0.87]. Normal wound healing [grad 0] was noted in 37 [61.6%] and 43 [71.6%] of control and cases respectively. In control grade 1-4 lesions were noted in 38.4% compared to 28.4% in cases [P < 0.05]
Conclusion: Simple irrigation of appendectomy wound with 1% povidone- iodine significantly prevents against the surgical site infection and pus formation
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing surgical site infection in patients undergoing Lichtenstein's hernioplasty
Study design: Observational study
Place and Duration: Department of surgery, ISRA University Hospital, Hyderabad. from December 2015 to March 2017
Materials and Methods: 120 cases of inguinal hernia planned for Lichtenstein's hernioplasty were selected according to exclusion criteria and divided into control and antibiotic group. Pre- operative patient history, physical examination and inguinal hernia examination was performed. Prophylactic antibiotic ceftriaxone [1000 mg] was given over night of surgical procedure. Statistical software SPSS 21.0 was used for data analysis at 95% CI [P <0.05]
Results: Mean+/- SD age was noted as 39.51 +/- 7.56 years [15 61 years]. Of 120, who underwent Lichtenstein's hernioplasty the direct and indirect hernias were noted in 35 [29.16%] and 33 [27.5%] and 25 [20.83%] and 27 [22.5%] of control and antibiotic groups respectively. Of 120 subjects, the SSI was noted in 17 [14.1%] in control and 5 [4.16%] in antibiotic group. Cumulative SSI in 120 cases was 22 [18.33%]
Conclusion: The present study reports low incidence of surgical site infection with antibiotic prophylaxis in Lichtenstein's mesh repair in open inguinal hernioplasty
ABSTRACT
Backgroung: Diabetes Mellitus is a global problem caused by the deficiency of Insulin secretion either absolute or relative. Treatment options are Insulin and oral glucose lowering drugs. Current study was designed to find out the glucose lowering properties of S-allylcysteine a garlic derivative sulfur containing amino acid
Objective: To compare blood glucose lowering effects of S-allylcysteine with gliclazide in diabetic rat model
Study Design, Place and Duration: This 3 months animal study was carried out in animal house of ISRA University Hyderabad from August 2014 to Oct 2014
Material and Methods: 32 Male Wistar Rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups A, B, C and D after selection through non-probability purposive sampling. Group A and B served as positive and negative controls respectively. Diabetes was induced in Group B, C and D by injecting alloxan at the dose of 120 mg/kg according to the weight of rats. Rats in group C and D were treated with S-allylcysteine [150 mg/kg], gliclazide [5 mg/kg] respectively. Random blood sugar levels of all groups were measured after weeks 1, 2 and 3. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 21.0
Results: Blood glucose levels after 2[nd] and 3[rd] week were 264.3 +/- 43.16 vs. 218.75 +/- 36.38 [p=0.0001] for SAC and 229.0 +/- 89.87 vs. 241.0 +/- 48.19 mg/dl for Gliclazide [p=0.001] while at the end of 3[rd] week results for two control groups were non-significant statistically [p-0.07 and0.09]
Conclusion: It is concluded that S-allylcysteine possess blood glucose lowering properties that are comparable to gliclazide
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Clove is used as spice commonly and exerts beneficial effects in different human pathologies especially diabetes and infectious diseases discovered in recent times
Objective: Current study was aimed to investigate the effects of clove extract on paracetamol induced liver toxicity
Methodology: This animal study was conducted in Department of pharmacology, Isra University Laboratory Hyderabad and at animal house of veterinary department, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam between September 2013 to October 2013. Through non probability purposive sampling, 30 Rabbits were divided into three groups I, II and III. Acetaminophen 500mg was given to group II and III for 10 days orally, while group I served as control. Group III was co administered 100mg of clove powder for 20 days while group II was started 100mg clove powder on 11[th] day till 20[th] day of experiment. All blood samples were taken from ear lobe Base line blood sample before intervention was taken at day 0, then 2nd and 3rd samples were taken at 10 and 20 days respectively after intervention. Liver enzymes were also measured. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 21 using t-test, keeping P-value < 0.05 significant
Results: No significant rise in liver enzymes noticed in group I and group III while all enzymes were increased in group II in initial 10 days but declined back in next 10 days. P-value calculated was 002, 0.001 and 0.001 for ALT,AST and GGT respectively
Conclusion: Paracetamol induced elevation of hepatic enzymes was reversed by clove
ABSTRACT
Background: Syzygium aromaticum is commonly known as clove. It is being used since centuries for different purposes in different parts of the world
Objective: To explore the effects of Syzygium Aromaticum, its effects on the liver enzymes
Methodology: This Randomized Control Trial was conducted in Postgraduate Laboratory and Animal House of ISRA University. 30 Healthy Rabbits weighing 2kg on average were divided into 3 equal groups. Group A was taken as control group having no intervention while group B was given paracetamol 500mg BD for 10 days followed by Syzygium Aromaticum powder 100mg BD for next 10 days. Group C was given paracetamol 500mg BD and Syzygium Aromaticum powder 100mg BD for 20 days. Blood samples were taken from ear lobes through 24 gauge canula for liver enzymes at days 1, 10 and 20 and analyzed in ISRA Laboratory. Mean and standard deviation were calculated and p-value <0.05 was taken as significant. The data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 16. Results: There was no rise in liver enzymes in group A at any stage of the study. Liver enzymes ALT, AST, GGT, ALP and LDH markedly increased in group B in initial 10 days but declined in next 10 days. There was no significant rise in liver enzymes in group C at any level of the study. Conclusion: Syzygium aromaticum is an effective natural hepatoprotective agent
ABSTRACT
To investigate blood glucose regulaitng effects of Catharanthus Roseus [C.roseus] and Nigella sativa [N.sativa] in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Experimental study. Animal house Isra University Hyderabad. From April to Novermber 2013. 50 male rats were housed at normal température, 12 hour dark - light cycle with free access to chow and water. A single intraperitoneal bolus of alloxan [120 mg/kg] was given to induce diabetes mellitus. Glimepiride, C. roseus and N. Sativa were administered at doses of 0.1 mg/kg, 125 mg/kg and 50 g/kg respectively. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 21.0. Significant P - value was defined at
ABSTRACT
In this study the crops cultivated on the application of sewage sludge were investigated. The crops grown included lady finger [okra], round gourd, smooth luffa, spinach, pumpkin, red pepper, green pepper and the fruits [pomegranate, mango, lemon, java plum, guava, banana, melon]. Results showed that sewage irrigation significantly increased total heavy metal contents in different organs [leaf, peel and pulp] of the crops in comparison to river water. The sewage water carried a very high load of Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg, Ca and other heavy elements. Maximum concentration in lady's fmger was for Mg followed by Zn, Cu, Ca, Fe, Pb and Co. There was significant increase in Mg concentration in leaf at 73.20 mg ke. Concentrations of Zn, Cu, Ca, Fe, Pb and Co were lower varying from 0.30 to 1.0 in leaf, 0.50 to 1.60 in peel and 0.70 to 1.70 in pulp. The accumulation of heavy metals by other vegetables was similar except spinach which showed high content of Fe at 39.0 mg kg-' in leaf. Plants fed on sewage water produced fruits showing heavy metals accumulation. It appeared that the metals accumulated and distributed between tissues in nearly the same proportion as in the vegetables. The river water fed vegetables and fruits, however, showed lesser accumulation of the heavy metals
ABSTRACT
Riboflavin [Vitamin B2]is the precursor in the biosynthesis of the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide [FMN] and flavin adenine dinucleotide [FAD]. The metabolic functions of riboflavin are carried out by these coenzymes, which participate in numerous vital oxidation-reeducation processes. Flavoproteins catalyze dehydrogenations, hydroxylation, oxidative decarboxylations, dioxygenatiosn and reducations of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide reactions. The powerful anti-oxidant activity of the vitamin is derived from its role as a precursor to FMN and FAD. A major protective role against lipid peroxides is provided by the glutathione redox cycle. Glutathione peroxidase breaks down reactive lipid peroxides. The enzyme requires y-Glutamyl-L-cysteine-glysine [GSH]that is generated from its oxidizing form glutathione disulfide [GSSG] by the FAD containing enzyme glutathione reductase. The administration of riboflavin may be helpful in certain inborn errors of metabolism. The riboflavin deficiency may have a beneficial role in malaria. The clinical analysis of riboflavin is largely carried out by high-performance liquid chromatographic methods [HPLC]
ABSTRACT
Pharmaceutical care is a necessary element of health care system and is provided for the direct benefit of the patient. Community pharmacists are considered the professionals of choice in this area as they are in direct contact with a large number of populations. In order to properly implement the concept of pharmaceutical care, it is necessary to first fulfill the legal requirements as those are directly related to the sales of drugs. The current scenario of pharmacies / medical stores in terms of legal aspects was investigated by carrying out a field survey. A questionnaire was prepared and distributed to 250 local pharmacies and medical stores at various locations of Karachi. The questionnaire contained some basic information in terms of the presence of pharmacist, qualification of non-pharmacist, presence of a valid license, availability of compounding facility in the pharmacy, whether the selling of non-OTC drugs is on prescription or without prescription, storage facility of drugs, disposal of expired drugs and awareness of drug act, 1976 and related rules. Out of 250 visited medical stores and pharmacies, 160 participated in the survey, whose results are summarized in the study
ABSTRACT
The present review describes the biochemical importance of cyanocobalamin [vitamin B12] and its role in the biosynthesis of adenosylcobamide and methylcobamide co-enzymes which perform important functions in human metabolism. Cyanocobalamin deficiency is a significant public health problem particularly among the elderly. It has been reported that the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency may be as high as 30-40% among the elderly due to food B12 malabsorption. Various analytical methods have been used for the clinical assay of cyanocobalamin in biological samples. These include microbiological, radioisotope, spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods